碧海云天 发表于 2008-8-26 23:14:36

2007年河北公务员考试申论真题

<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">来源:<A href="http://www.hboffcn.com/">http://www.hboffcn.com/</A>点击:826</SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">综合点评:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">今年河北省的申论考试话题是关于目前我国所存在的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">问题。就这个社会问题而言,实际上不仅仅我国存在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">问题,在国外,无论是发达国家还是不发达国家,都存在不同程度的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">问题。可以说,这个话题是一个全人类社会都会面对的社会问题,因此这个社会问题是属于已经被广泛讨论的过的话题,关于这个社会问题的各种分析和描述也是非常多的。考生在面对这个话题时,应该不会感到陌生,在答题时应该相对会比较从容一些。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">而且从本次河北省申论考试的题目设置上看,也是属于较传统的出题方式,并没有新题型的出现,第一题是属于概括类型的题型,要求考生归结我国现在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的特点。而第二第三题是属于在过去众多申论考试中常常出现的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">分析原因</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提出对策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的题型。因此该次河北省申论考试的前三题难度应该不是太大,估计广大考生在这三道题目的得分应该不会太低。但说到这里,指导老师希望重点提示考生们的是这次河北省申论考试的最后一道题目,即要求写议论文的部分。或许会有许多考生问:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指导老师,你应该说错了吧,一般来说,最后一道题写议论文,应该是最容易写的一部分,因为考生可以自由地发挥,而不受答案的限制。对于这种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">‘</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">主观性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">’</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">很强,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">‘</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">限制性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">’</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">很弱的题目,应该是最容易作答的,为什么指导老师会认为这是最难的一道题目呢?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于这个问题,指导老师请大家先看最后一道题目的要求:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以《从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">到商业贿赂的惩治》为题,写一篇议论文,不少于1000字。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指导老师请大家留意固定命题中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,这里强调的是一个过程,而不是简单的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一个问题的解决与否</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。如果这个命题是《谈商业贿赂的惩治》或《谈如何治理商业贿赂问题》,那么这个题目应该是非常好写的,直接按照申论文章的三段式:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">描述问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">——</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">分析原因</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">——</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提出解决对策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">去写就可以了。但现在问题的关键是这里有一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。那么什么是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">?顾名思义,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,强调的是一种行业里面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">习惯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,一种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">约定俗成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的行业方式。讲到人的习惯,必定就会有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">过去</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">历史</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。一谈到历史,尤其是谈到中国历史悠久的商业文化,必定就要牵涉大量的历史专业知识和专业背景。坦诚地说,虽然商业贿赂,包括所谓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">都是大家很熟悉的话题,但是要去深层次地剖析这里面的历史渊源,其实并不是一件简单的事情。而广大考生对于这个命题议论文,很容易走进的一个误区就是,把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂的惩治</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">作为重点的内容,在文章大量的篇幅都是写关于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂的惩治</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,而把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">及其产生的各种原因(包括历史原因)都简略地一笔带过(甚至没有作描述),这样一来,很容易就会被阅卷老师判作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">片面化的文章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,同时也会被认为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">没有很好地领悟题意</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,得分就会相对偏低。这一个点实际上既是一种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">审题的要求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,同时也是对过去传统申论文章中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">定势思维</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的一种否定。因此,从这个角度看,是需要广大考生去留意的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为了更好地阐述这一个观点,指导老师希望通过写以下这篇文章来向广大考生论述这一个观点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第四题:以《从</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">到商业贿赂的惩治》为题,写一篇议论文,不少于1000字。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">到商业贿赂的惩治</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自古以来,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">就一直是影响商场中公平交易的一大祸害,而在进入现代社会以后,在各类经济法学著作中,学者们将商业贿赂界定为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">经营者在市场交易活动中,通过秘密给付财物或其他报偿等不正当手段收买客户、政府部门工作人员,以争取交易机会或市场优势的行为。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由此可以说,从政治层面看,商业贿赂腐蚀国家机关工作人员和企业事业从业人员,滋生腐败现象和经济犯罪,损害党和政府的形象,降低政府公信力。但从精神层面看,似乎更值得我们去注意,为什么?因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">不仅仅牵涉到政府官员的诚实信用的问题,更重要的是,被称之为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的商业贿赂,其之所以能被称之为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,就足以可见其在人们思想的根源深处,其似乎有着圈内人士所</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">认可</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">潜规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">而这种潜意识中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">认可</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从何而来?或许我们需要从历史中去寻找原因。我国历史上最早的贿赂文字记载出现于《诗经》:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以尔车来,以我贿迁。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">而《左传》中也写道:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">孟献子聘于周,王以为有礼,厚贿之。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由此我们可以发现,实际上,在古代,贿赂是权力的伴生物、赘联体。没有权力就没有贿赂,贿赂只能针对权力而言。这一种思想实际上一直影响到了现在的一部分人,某些商人迷信</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">权力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,相信</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">权力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的拥有者可以给予他们额外的利益,于是他们就去</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行贿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,而某些官员也迷信</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">权力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,相信手中权力的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">运用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可以给予他们额外的利益,于是他们就去</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">受贿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,久而久之,这个问题没有很好地解决,就变成了所谓的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,深植于某些人的脑海中。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由此我们可以发现,像商业贿赂这种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,其产生的根源在于存在着大量用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">权力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">获得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">额外的利益</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(或者说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">不正当的利益</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">成功</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">例子。而我们要消灭这样一种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,就是要通过对商业贿赂的惩治,不断地起到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">示范作用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,让</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">权力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的不适当运用与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">严厉的惩治</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">相挂钩。比如如果一家公司做出了违法行为,它不但会受到法律制裁,而且还会遭受舆论批评以及竞争对手的排挤,公司形象将大大受损,甚至会破产。面对如巨大的惩罚成本,任何市场主体在采取商业贿赂行为时都不得不掂量其所带来的后果。久而久之,这种所谓的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">就慢慢地消失掉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">总之,治理商业贿赂既需要通过严格的立法和执法,用惩治的方式来治理,同时也需要打破历史中遗留下来的落后腐朽的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">行业惯例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,努力营造一个不利于商业贿赂生长的政治、经济和社会环境。只有这样,我们才能从真正意义上去消除这一社会问题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(注:全文共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1012</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">字)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">另外附上其他三道题目的参考答案:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第一题:归结我国现在</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的特点</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">参考答案:</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">综合目前国内关于</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的主流观点(包括一些政府文件的观点),老师建议广大考生可以参考以下关于</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的八个特点:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">已渗透蔓延到经济活动的各个领域。随着市场竞争日趋激烈,商业贿赂逐渐成为一种主要的不正当竞争手段,蔓延到各行各业,在有些领域,商业贿赂甚至已经演变为一种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">潜规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">大案、要案、窝案、串案比例高。涉案人员手中掌握实权,其中很多是党政领导、国家机关和企事业单位、部门的一把手。有的省检察机关查处的商业贿赂案件中,窝案串案约占半数。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">带有明显的行业和领域特点。从发案领域看,权力比较集中、资金比较密集、资源比较紧缺、竞争比较激烈、商业利润空间比较大的领域,往往容易成为商业贿赂犯罪的高发领域。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">虽发生在经营活动中,但多与国家工作人员滥用权力、权钱交易有关。商业贿赂是典型的权钱交易型犯罪,国家工作人员行使公共管理职能,对各种资源和利益分配握有公共权力,因此最容易成为经营行贿目标。一些国家公务员和国有企事业单位负责人与不法经营者勾结,以牺牲国家公共利益为代价,大肆索取收受贿赂、谋取私利,给国家和人民利益造成了重大损失。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">隐蔽性强,表现形式多种多样。商业贿赂又是一种人所共知的违法犯罪行为,为了掩盖事实、逃避追究,贿赂过程往往十分隐秘。同时,由于受贿方和行贿方都能从中获取各自的利益,行贿方通常不会主动向司法机关举报。同时又三方面原因导致其难以被发现:一是商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一对一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的行为方式,使局外人很难知悉内情;二是行贿者和受贿者均从中攫取了利益,形成利益共同体后,不容易从内部突破;三是行贿人通过各种具有欺骗性的方式,如以促销费、宣传费、劳务费、进场费、考察费的名义和提供各种服务方式,向个人或单位行贿,且支付的财物通常又以伪造会计财务账册等非法形式进行掩盖,难以及时发现。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">涉及的行业领域广泛,商业贿赂的发生已具有相当的普遍性。一是涉及社会经济各个领域,其中尤以工程建设、土地出让、产权交易、医药和图书购销、政府采购等领域为甚;二是涉及众多行业,其中出版发行、银行信贷、证券期货、商业保险、电力、电信、市场监管等行业较为突出;三是涉及商务活动的各个环节,其中商务谈判、工程立项、招标投标、资金结算支付、物资采购、质量检验鉴定等环节问题较多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">权钱交易明显,商业贿赂发生的机理具有特殊性。犯罪人员大多掌有一定实权;或担任一定领导职务;或担负一定专职(采购员、业务员、监管员等)。从商业贿赂的对象看,更具有可选择性。商业贿赂发生于商务活动之中,经营者可以根据获得预期收益的可能性,见缝插针地选择贿赂对象。从发生的领域看,商业贿赂主要集中于权力集中部门的垄断经营行业。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8. </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">社会危害严重,具有多元扩散性。一是扰乱正常的市场秩序,破坏公平竞争秩序,导致企业间恶性竞争,影响资源合理配置。二是增大了交易成本,损害消费者的利益。三是减少国家税收,阻碍企业技术进步和产品质量提高。四是毒化行风和社会风气。加大贫富差距,严重践踏了作为社会和谐发展基础的诚信,公平的社会价值,极易加剧社会矛盾和冲突,滋生洗钱,有组织犯罪等严重犯罪现象,官商勾结也是大量诱发其他腐败犯罪的温床。五是影响我国投资环境和国际形象。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第二题:总结出现</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的原因。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">参考答案:</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">综合目前国内关于</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的产生原因(包括一些政府文件的观点)的主流观点,老师建议广大考生可以参考以下关于</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的十三个成因:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>1.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">经济发展不平衡,市场供需矛盾突出。我国社会主义市场经济尚处在发展、完善阶段,某些行业存在体制垄断。垄断机制是产生商业贿赂的基本根源。垄断行为是市场不公平竞争的最大体现,同时也成为滋生商业贿赂的条件。一些资源、产品、服务和生产采购尚处于被垄断状态,必然导致价格脱离市场规律被不法人员操纵。为了从垄断者手中获得这些产品和服务,不正当的幕后交易由此产生,从而也很容易导致商业贿赂行为的发生。我国的市场经济运行机制时间较短,有些产品和服务是少数一两家企业或公司把持着,交易的双方面对的不是公平的市场,通过商业贿赂来获得非正当利益的行为自然会有市场。而另一方面,产业结构不合理,重复生产和建设,导致供大于求,企业之间为争夺市场而难免采取不正当竞争手段。多种经济成分并存,行业差别明显存在,垄断行业与非垄断行业之间,经济实力强的企业与经济实力弱的企业之间为承揽工程、购销商品、交易产权等而进行无序竞争,极易导致贿赂行为。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">市场发育不成熟,政府职能尚未得到根本转变,行政干预经济的现象依然存在。新旧体制转轨时期,市场发育不成熟,公共权力对具体经济事务的干预为政府工作人员权力寻租、收受贿赂提供了可能;在某些能源、原料和资金短缺的情况下,一些部门和企业为了获得行政支持,取得项目、获得特许,得到物资,便会采取各种正当或不正当手段进行竞争,行贿手段就是其中之一。同时,价格体系的不完善运作,也为商业贿赂提供了条件,市场调节价在价格核定上给了企业较大的自主权,在市场发育及其制约机制尚不够完善的情况下,这种较大的价格空间,也就有可能孳生各种商业贿赂行为。目前普遍存在着商品供大于求的情况,在市场激烈的竞争中,供货企业有的还需要买通有关部门和人员,商品才能得到更好的销路。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">竞争机制不健全,一些行业领域体系混乱、制度缺失,为获取高额利润,少数行业和领域</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">潜规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">影响商业活动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">办事就得给好处</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">已成为个别单位和部门的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">潜规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">和工作习惯。近年来,一些行业领域体制混乱,制度不健全,交易行为没有完善的法律、法规规范约束,潜在的不成文规则应运而生。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">办事就得给好处</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">潜规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">严重影响商业活动。经营者为谋取个人或集体利益,通过不正当竞争手段,以各种名义给回扣的现象普通存在,使得一些国家工作人员认为收受回扣是应得的劳务费,不是犯罪。正是在这种错误的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">潜规则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的影响下,导致商业贿赂犯罪屡禁不止。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">社会心态不健康,惟利是图的商业观、模糊淡漠的法制观是商业贿赂犯罪产生的主观原因。少数企业、单位和个人惟利是图,为获得自身经济利益而不牺牲诚实信用的基本原则,不择手段地进行贿赂;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">财大气粗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">者,具备以金钱开路获取更大商业利益或政治利益的实力。少数国家工作人员将正常的公务活动演变为权钱交易的机会,视回扣为商业惯利,不惜以身试法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">监督制约不到位。我国经济资源由医疗、电信、金融、建筑、土地、交通等高度垄断行业的少数人员掌控,而对这些人员的监督往往形同虚设。商业贿赂之所以愈益盛行,是市场经济规则和相关制度不完善,监管不力所致。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对商业贿赂案件多头管辖,工作衔接机制不完善,导致对商业贿赂的打击不力,是商业贿赂犯罪不能得到有效遏止的其中一个重要原因。一是商业贿赂,按犯罪主体不同,分别由公安机关和检察机关管辖,不利于形成打击合力;二是法律规定不够完善,导致对现实中形形色色的贿赂行为难以处置,也是商业贿赂犯罪猖獗的重要原因。我国刑法规定行贿罪在主观方面必须以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为谋取不正当利益</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为构成要件,在司法实践中难以认定。贿赂的内容限于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">财物</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,其范围要比《联合国反腐败公约》的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">不正当好处</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">狭窄得多,不利于对现实中大量存在的财产性和非财产性利益贿赂行为的惩治。与此同时,打击未能形成合力,也在一定程度上助长了商业贿赂犯罪。我国反不正当竞争法规定了经营者不得用财物或其他手段进行贿赂以销售或购买商品,并赋予监督管理部门有罚款等处罚权,但实践中该行为的查处少之又少,有行政执法部门即使发现存在商业贿赂犯罪行为,往往也是通过内部处理,进行罚款、行政处罚,对构成犯罪的也不主动将案件向有关执法部门移送,导致该查办的案件不能及时查办,这在一定程度上助长了商业贿赂犯罪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">管理制度不严格。一是行政审批制度存在漏洞,财务公开、厂务公开等流于形式;二是财务制度不落实,特别是私营企业、乡镇企业帐目管理制度不严,为商业贿赂开了方便之门;三是工程建设招投标、土地使用权转让、产权交易、政府采购等制度不完善、或者未得到严格执行,也为不法分子提供了可乘之机。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">查处效果不理想。一是商业贿赂具有较大的隐蔽性,发现和突破犯罪有很大难度。二是会计制度不健全,现金交易大量发生,假帐现象普通,给案件查处工作带来困难。三是检察机关与纪检、监察、信访、审计、工商等部门的信息交换、协调配合机制相对滞后,利用行政执法机关等社会各界力量发现、举报涉嫌商业贿赂的线索机制还不够畅通,侦查手段单一。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">9.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">价值观念背景因素。由于这些负责工程招标、物品采购的年轻人与供应商、承包商相比,经济收入差别大,而和这些人在一起</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">吃喝玩乐</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">又无疑是最令人羡慕,这样一部分人在拜金主义和不平衡心理影响下,容易产生犯罪动机,从而走上犯罪道路,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">吃喝玩乐</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">引发的犯罪动机是生理需要恶性膨胀的结果;而一部分人满怀抱负,急于实现自我价值,做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">蛀虫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">收受回扣,这种高层次需要的畸形发展有时也会引发犯罪动机。如据被告人杨某交待,其之所以向承包商索要高额回扣,最初的目的也是想在实现人生抱负的过程中早日掘到第一桶金,开办一个属于自己的公司。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教育背景因素。目前企业在廉政、法律教育方面,普遍存在着以下两个方面的不足:一是教育内容不全面,对教育对象重视程度不够,绝大多数单位把企业效益和培养职工业务能力作为重点,而法治教育工作则是走走过场,这在一定程度上造成公司、企业人员缺乏正确的生活态度,道德素质较低和法律意识淡薄;二是教育方法不当,采用的是灌输式教育和形而上学式教育,忽视了对人的理解力和创造性的启发,不利于调动人的求知欲和学习积极性。正如佘某在提审时最多的感慨那样</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如果平时多学点法、多了解一些案例,自己就不会沦落到这个地步。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">11.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">企业制度背景因素。一是人事制度有漏洞,用人、进人往往人事部门主管一个人决定,缺少应有的调查了解;二是内部权力过于分散,这一现象在外资企业显得尤为突出,单一事项的决定权甚至不需要通过部门主管的审批,这种高效率的背后必然带来监督的缺失,如戴某、杨某在职务上都只不过是某光电的工程师,但他们处理废品的权限根本不需得到部门主管的批准;三是监督制约机制乏力。单位内部财务、审计部门的监督和上级领导对下级的全方位监督检查力度不够。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">12.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">国家法律因素。我国虽然已有一些法规,但仍显立法滞后。分别颁布于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1993</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1996</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年的《反不正当竞争法》和《关于禁止商业贿赂行为的暂行规定》,对商业贿赂形式的规定比较简单,已不足以规范形形色色的商业贿赂行为。目前相关法规仍有待完善:没有对商业贿赂行为专门界定,导致违法难究;反商业贿赂法律体系缺乏会计制度方面法规的有力支持等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">13.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">举报人保护制度缺失。商业贿赂秘密进行,往往知情人也是违法者,所以法律必须提供一套举报人无罪和奖励制度,让知情人勇于举报。现在公安机关也在采用奖励制度,但是没有相应的保护制度。行政执法机关把举报人暴露出来导致举报人很可能受到报复。另外,行政执法机关如果不认为举报者举报的情况是严重案件,举报人也很难受到保护。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第三题:如何从源头上整治商业贿赂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提出对策。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">参考答案:</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">综合目前国内关于如何从源头上整治</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(包括一些政府文件的观点)的主流观点,老师建议广大考生可以参考以下关于</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">商业贿赂</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的八个对策:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">必须树立正确的世界观、价值观和法制观念。以正面典型引导国家工作人员和企业员工爱岗敬业,树立诚实守信的商业观,廉洁从政的权力观。加强以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">八荣八耻</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为主要内容的道德观教育,时刻保持政治上的清醒。强化廉政文化建设。广泛宣传党和国家关于治理商业贿赂的各项政策以及相关法律法规,提高全社会对商业贿赂行为危害性的认识,形成反商业贿赂的良好社会氛围。加强对国家工作人员、事业单位和企业人员法律、纪律和职业道德等方面教育,积极运用典型案例开展法制宣传教育和警示教育,增强其自觉抵制商业贿赂的意识,筑牢思想道德防线。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">必须提高思想认识,调动各部门和社会各界的力量齐抓共管。必须认识到商业贿赂是一个社会问题,应由各部门和社会各界齐抓共管;必须坚持正确的治理方针:教育、制度、监督并重;标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并举、注重预防;必须采取有效的控防措施,立足当前,着眼长远,处理好长期性和阶段性的关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">狠抓案件查处,开展专项打击工作。鉴于商业贿赂涉及面广,不同领域和行业均程度不同程度地存在商业贿赂问题,应该齐抓共管,形成合力。发动各有关单位和部门共同行动,广泛宣传,大造声势,形成一种老鼠过街人人喊打的氛围。要充分发挥群众监督作用,倡导群众检举揭发商业贿赂犯罪,设立举报奖励基金,提高人民群众参与打击商业贿赂犯罪的积极性。在查处商业贿赂违法案件中,行政执法相关部门之间、行政执法部门与刑事司法部门之间应当加强协调配合和沟通联系,建立信息通报、线索移送、案件协查机制,明确案件移送的标准及责任,形成治理商业,贿赂违法犯罪行为的合力。并通过开展打击商业贿赂的专项活动,突出抓重点领域和行业,集中力量查处大案要案,严肃查处一批违法违纪典型并进行暴光。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">完善法制体系。目前,我国的刑法、反不正当竞争法等法律法规中都有涉及治理商业贿赂行为的条款,但规定比较分散,对一些重要环节的界定不够完善和明确。完善法律规定,构建惩治预防商业贿赂犯罪的工作机制。一是要研究修订刑法、反不正当竞争法等法律中关于商业贿赂的界定,调整商业贿赂犯罪主体范围,修改完善行贿受贿的主客观要件,使其更加有利于司法实践,明确区分正常商业行为,一般商业贿赂和商业贿赂犯罪的界限。二是要研究现行刑罚体系,增加财产刑和资格刑的比重,强化刑法的惩治功能;以现行刑法为基础,借鉴其它国家的立法经验,结合《联合国反腐败公约》等有关国际条约的规定,通过对相关规定的分析评价,以刑法修正案的方式,扩大商业贿赂的犯罪主体、犯罪对象范围,将公司、企业以外的其他单位及其个人收受财物以外的其他利益(至少应包括财产性的利益)的行为纳入刑法调控范围。增设剥夺、限制从业资格刑,增设罚金刑,扩大罚金,没收财产等财产刑的使用范围。增大商业贿赂行为的成本,使行贿者和受贿者在法律制裁为着得不偿失,使商业贿赂在经济上失去吸引力。三是要调整对治理商业贿赂的授权,解决案件管辖方面的漏洞,增强惩治和预防商业贿赂犯罪的整体效能。进一步完善商业贿赂高发领域的行政监管法律、法规。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">5.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">整顿市场秩序,进一步规范企业行为和政府行政行为。加强机制和制度建设。着力实行企务公开,对重大工程建设、重要物资采购等项目实行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">阳光操作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,杜绝幕后交易。深化经济政治体制改革,规范行政行为,减少政府部门及其工作人员对经济的直接干预。要对权力运行进行明确的规范,特别是对垄断行业、垄断部门的权力,通过建立有效制度,规范权力运行的轨迹。要增强透明度,扩大公开办事范围,让群众享受充分的知情权、参与权、选择和和监督权。要健全金融管理制度,加强票据管理,规范和减少商业活动中的现金交易,完善金融监管体系,促进市场经济主体完善自律控制机制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">建立信用准入制度。对从事商务活动的单位和个人建立诚信档案查询系统,将行贿受贿、弄虚作假等不正当竞争行为分别记入档案,以供查询。商业贿赂的主体主要是市场经济的参与者。从事商业贿赂的企业在经营状况、资质和信用记录方面往往是劣迹斑斑。例如,有的企业拖欠银行贷款不还,银行最后只好划为呆账、坏账一笔勾销,他们往往采用行贿的办法获取银行贷款。如果其赖帐、行贿恶行没有被暴光,而且屡试不爽,那么正当经营的企业就会失去信心,很可能转而效仿,必须通过建立严格的市场准入与退出制度,将其挡在市场的大门之外,或者及时将其清理出去,从而减少商业贿赂发生的几率。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">各行各业要结合工作实际,加强内、外部监督制约。在内部,首先有重大事项要集体研究,不能让个别权力集中;其次要加强财务、政务公开,对各种款项收支使用情况必须公开详实内容;最后是要充分发挥内部纪检监察部门职能作用,使每个部门、每个人员的权力真正受到监督。在外部,要采取设立举报箱、公开举报电话、聘请廉政监督员等措施,主动接受人民群众的民主监督,同时虚心接受新闻媒介的舆论监督。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">8.</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">建立协作机制,加大打击合力。各执法部门建立协作机制,使司法、行政执法部门在执法过程中,发现有关商业贿赂犯罪的信息及时提供,从而形成信息共享,工作互动。并与有关司法、行政执法部门建立定期的工作联席会议制度,加强对查处和打击商业贿赂案件中疑难复杂问题以及新情况、新问题的研究探讨,结合实际,提出工作思路及对策,进一步增强工作合力和执法效能。同时,还要加强执法部门内部协作,使各部门在履行职责中发现商业贿赂线索能及时移送责任部门进行查处,形成治理商业贿赂行动的整体合力。具体的操作主要可以从以下方面展开:一是进一步理顺工作关系,明确各相关部门的职能分工,做到各司其职,各尽其责。二是建立信息通报、线索移送、案件协查机制和联席会议制度,加强行政执法相关部门之间、行政执法相关部门与司法机关之间的协调配合和沟通联系,达到信息互通,资源共享,优势互补,协同作战,形成治理商业贿赂的整体全力。三是建立民众广泛参与治</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">贿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">机制,健全投诉举报制度、投诉举报激励机制和保护举报人制度,鼓励企业内部人员和同类行业的投诉举报,发动群众积极参与反商业贿赂斗争,拓宽线索来源渠道。四是建立全国统一的信息查询系统。由纪检监察、检察、审计、建设、金融、教育、医疗卫生等机关定期公布查处的商业贿赂案件,把搞商业贿赂的企业和个人列入诚信</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">黑名单</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,公之于众,并实现全国联网,向社会开放,让搞商业贿赂者无藏身之处。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">中公教育----李永新团队---打造公务员考试第一品牌!!!公务员考试辅导热线:13731753797<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 2007年河北公务员考试申论真题